Alcoholic hepatitis

Alcoholic hepatitis describe inflammation of the liver caused by drinking alcohol.

Although alcoholic hepatitis are most likely to occur in alcoholic for years, but the consumption of alcohol and alcoholic hepatitis have a complex relationship. Not all alcoholics suffering from alcoholic hepatitis, and the disease can also occur in people who drank only a little.

If you have been diagnosed with alcoholic hepatitis, this means having to quit drinking alcohol totally. People who continue to drink alcohol can continue to worsen more serious liver damage is cirrhosis and liver failure.

Cause

Alcoholic hepatitis occurs when the liver is damaged by alcohol has been consumed. The mechanism of how alcohol can cause liver damage in alcoholics is not known clearly.

Ethanol-solving process which is the alcohol contained in beer, wine and liquor can produce highly toxic chemicals, such as acetaldehyde. These chemicals trigger inflammation that destroys the liver cells. Then the healthy liver tissue is replaced by scar tissue inflammation caused by injury. It will interfere with the liver's ability to function properly. The formation of scar tissue is irreversible damage called cirrhosis, is the final stage of alcoholic hepatitis.

Symptom

Mild forms of alcoholic hepatitis may not cause a real problem, but the development of liver disease will cause more damage, signs and symptoms that may occur, among others:

1. Loss of appetite
2. Nausea and vomiting
3. Abdominal pain and tenderness
4. Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
5. Fever
6. Abdominal swelling due to fluid retention (ascites)
7. Fatigue

When to consult a doctor?
Consult your doctor if you have signs or symptoms of alcoholic hepatitis. If you ever feel as though unable to control the drinking, then consult with a physician.

Treatment

1. Stop drinking alcohol

If you have been diagnosed with alcoholic hepatitis, then it should stop drinking alcohol. This is the only way to stop the liver damage or to prevent progression of the disease becomes more severe. If you continue to drink alcohol, it is likely to experience serious complications.

If you have alcohol dependence with and want to quit, the doctor may recommend therapy tailored to the conditions of dependency. Therapy may include medications, counseling, etc..

2. Therapy for malnutrition

Your doctor may recommend a special diet to improve the condition of malnutrition that can occur in people with alcoholic hepatitis. Your doctor can refer to a dietician who can help assess the current diet and recommend changes to improve the vitamins and nutrients.

3. Drugs to reduce inflammation of the liver

Patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis may consider short-term treatment with drugs to reduce inflammation of the liver. In certain circumstances, your doctor may recommend corticosteroids or pentoxifylline.

4. Liver transplant

When severely impaired liver function, liver transplantation may be the only option for some people. Although liver transplantation is often successful, the number of people needing transplants far exceeds the number of available organs.

Some medical centers may be reluctant to perform liver transplantation in patients with alcoholic hepatitis because most likely will return to consume alcohol after the surgery.

Huntington, Psycho and Movement Disorders Due to Heredity

Huntington's disease is a hereditary disease that causes damage to nerve cells in the brain progressively (degeneration). Broad impact Huntington's disease on a person's functional abilities and usually result in movement disorders, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders.


Most people with Huntington's disease develop signs and symptoms in their 40s or 50-something years, but the occurrence of disease may be earlier or even later in life. If the emergence of the disease begins before age 20 years, the condition is called juvenile Huntington's disease.


Early emergence of symptoms often results in a somewhat different and more rapid disease progression. Treatment can help manage the symptoms of Huntington's disease but can not prevent a decline in physical, mental and behavior associated with disease conditions.


Symptom


Huntington's disease usually causes movement disorders, cognitive and psychiatric with a wide spectrum. The first symptoms appear varies greatly among those affected.


Movement disorders, may include movement disorders in conscious and unconscious movements:
1. Writhing or jerking unconsciously
2. Involuntary muscle contraction
3. Muscle stiffness
4. Uncoordinated movement, slow
5. Slow eye movements or abnormal
6. Impaired gait, posture and balance
7. Difficulty speaking
8. Difficulty swallowing
9. Disruption in the movement of conscious may have a greater impact on a person's ability to work, perform daily activities, and communicate.


Cognitive Disorders:
1. The difficulty of planning, setting and prioritizing tasks
2. The inability to start a task or conversation
3. Lack of flexibility, or a tendency to get stuck on the behavior, thoughts or actions
4. The lack of neural control that can lead to an explosion of action, without thinking much
5. Problems with spatial perceptions that can lead to falls or accidents
6. Lack of awareness of their own behavior and capabilities
7. Difficulty focusing on tasks for long periods
8. Slow in processing or "find" words
9. Difficulty learning new information


Mental disorders are most commonly associated with Huntington's disease is depression. Depression seems to occur because of injury to the brain and changes in brain function. Signs and symptoms include:
1. Feelings of sadness or unhappiness
2. Loss of interest in normal activities
3. Social withdrawal
4. Insomnia or excessive sleeping instead
5. Exhaustion, fatigue and loss of energy
6. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
7. Hesitancy and decreased concentration
8. Often think about death or suicide
9. Changes in appetite
10. Decreased sex drive


Psychiatric disorders are more common include:
1. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, a condition marked by distracting thoughts and repetitive behaviors
2. Mania, causing mood improved, overactive, impulsive behavior and self-inflation
3. Bipolar disorder, or alternating episodes of depression and mania
4. Changes in mood or personality, but not specific, include: Irritability, Apathy, anxiety, and inhibition of sexual or inappropriate sexual behavior


The development of Huntington's disease in adolescents is slightly different than in adults. The problem is often posed early in the course of the disease include:
1. Loss of academic or physical ability has ever been studied before
2. Quickly drop, significant in the overall school achievement
3. Behavior problems
4. Stiff muscles that affect gait (especially in children)
5. Changes in fine motor skills that can be seen from some of the skills such as handwriting
6. Slightly shake or involuntary movements
7. Convulsions


Cause


Huntington's disease is caused by a congenital defect in a single gene. Parent with Huntington's gene could inherit faulty copies of the defective gene or a copy of a sound. Therefore, every child in families with a parent with Huntington's gene has a 50 percent chance inherit genes that cause genetic disorders.


Treatments and drugs


There is no treatment that can cope with Huntington's disease. But the drug can reduce some symptoms of movement disorders and psychosis. Various interventions can help a person adapt to the environment and its ability for some time.


Settings medication may be necessary, depending on the overall treatment goals. Medicines to treat some symptoms may lead to side effects that worsen other symptoms. Therefore, the purpose and plan of treatment should be routinely reviewed and updated.


Drugs to treat movement disorders including
1. Tetrabenazine (Xenazine) specifically approved by the Food and Drug Administration to suppress the movement of uncontrollable jerking and writhing associated with Huntington's disease (also called chorea).


Serious side effect is the risk of triggering depression or other psychiatric conditions. Other side effects that may arise are: insomnia, drowsiness, nausea and anxiety.


2. Antipsychotic drugs such as haloperidol (Haldol) and clozapine (Clozaril) has side effects that suppress the movement may be beneficial in treating chorea. However, these drugs may aggravate muscle contractions and stiffness.


3. Other drugs that help suppress chorea and rigidity of muscles, including anti-seizure medications such as clonazepam (Klonopin) and anti-anxiety drugs such as diazepam (Valium). These medications can significantly alter consciousness, but at high risk to dependence and abuse.


Drugs for psychiatric disorders
1. Antidepressants include drugs such as escitalopram (Lexapro), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem) and sertraline (Zoloft). This drug can also treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. Side effects: nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, and sexual problems.


2. Antipsychotic drugs can suppress the explosion of violence, agitation and symptoms of mood disorder or psychosis.


3. Mood stabilizer medications, can help prevent mood fluctuations associated with bipolar disorder. These drugs include: lithium (Lithobid) and anticonvulsants such as valproic acid (Depakene), divalproex (Depakote) and lamotrigine (Lamictal). Common side effects are weight gain, tremors and gastrointestinal problems. Periodic blood tests are needed to use lithium because it can cause thyroid problems and kidney.


Psychotherapy
A psychotherapist or a psychologist can provide speech therapy to help manage problem behavior, develop problem-solving strategies, manage expectations during disease progression and facilitate effective communication between family members.


Speech therapy
Huntington's disease could significantly disrupt the control of the muscles of the mouth and throat are very important to talk, eat and swallow. A speech therapist can help improve the ability to speak or teach using a communication device such as a board covered with pictures of activities and objects of everyday. Therapists also can help overcome the problem of the muscles used for eating and swallowing.


Physical Therapy
A physical therapist can teach the proper and safe exercises to improve strength, flexibility, balance and coordination. This exercise can help maintain mobility as long as possible and can reduce the risk of falls.

Vaginitis, itching and pain due to inflammation in the Vagina

Vaginitis adalah suatu peradangan pada vagina yang dapat mengakibatkan gatal, nyeri dan keluarnya cairan dari vagina. Penyebabnya biasanya karena terdapat perubahan dalam keseimbangan normal bakteri pada vagina atau infeksi. Vaginitis juga dapat disebabkan oleh kadar estrogen yang berkurang setelah menopause.

Jenis yang paling umum dari vaginitis antara lain:
1. Bakteri vaginosis, yang dihasilkan dari pertumbuhan berlebih dari salah satu organisme yang biasanya ada dalam vagina
2. Infeksi jamur, yang biasanya disebabkan oleh jamur alami yang disebut Candida albicans
3. Trikomoniasis, yang disebabkan oleh parasit dan sering ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual
4. Atrofi vagina (vaginitis atrofik), yang hasil dari penurunan kadar estrogen setelah menopause

Penyebab

Penyebabnya tergantung pada jenis vaginitis yang terjadi.

1. Bakteri vaginosis
Vaginosis oleh karena bakteri biasanya terjadi karena pertumbuhan berlebihan dari salah satu beberapa organisme yang ada dalam vagina. Normalnya jumlah bakteri 'baik' (lactobacillus) melebihi bakteri bakteri 'buruk' (anaerob) dalam vagina. Tetapi jika bakteri anaerob menjadi terlalu banyak, akan mengganggu keseimbangan dan menyebabkan vaginitis bakteri. Wanita yang berganti-ganti pasangan, serta wanita yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi (IUD) memiliki risiko lebih tinggi terkena vaginosis bakteri.

2. Infeksi jamur
Infeksi jamur terjadi ketika lingkungan yang normal dalam vagina mengalami beberapa perubahan yang memicu pertumbuhan berlebihan dari jamur (Candida albicans). Infeksi jamur tidak dianggap sebagai infeksi menular seksual.

Menurut Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sekitar 3 dari 4 perempuan diperkirakan akan mengalami infeksi jamur pada beberapa waktu selama hidup mereka.
Faktor-faktor yang meningkatkan risiko infeksi jamur meliputi:
- Obat-obatan, seperti antibiotik dan steroid
- Diabetes yang tidak terkontrol
- Perubahan hormonal, seperti yang terkait dengan kehamilan, pil KB atau menopause

3. Trikomoniasis
Trikomoniasis adalah infeksi menular seksual umum yang disebabkan oleh parasit, dan biasa disebut Trichomonas vaginalis. Organisme ini menyebar selama hubungan seksual dengan seseorang yang sudah memiliki infeksi. Organisme ini biasanya menginfeksi saluran kemih pada pria, dimana sering tidak menimbulkan gejala. Trikomoniasis biasanya menginfeksi vagina pada wanita.

4. Non-infectious vaginitis
Semprotan vagina, douche, sabun wangi, deterjen wangi dan produk spermisida dapat menyebabkan reaksi alergi atau mengiritasi jaringan vulva dan vagina. Penipisan lapisan vagina, akibat hilangnya hormon oleh karena menopause atau pengangkatan indung telur, juga dapat menyebabkan gatal dan sensasi terbakar pada vagina.

Gejala

Gejala vaginitis antara lain:
1. Perubahan warna, bau atau jumlah cairan dari vagina
2. Vagina gatal atau iritasi
3. Nyeri saat berhubungan seksual
4. Nyeri saat buang air kecil
5. Vagina mengalami perdarahan atau bercak

Kondisi pada vagina dapat menunjukkan jenis vaginitis yang terjadi antara lain:
1. Vaginitis bakteri
a. Keluar cairan putih keabu-abuan, berbau busuk.
b. Bau sering digambarkan menyerupai bau ikan.
2. Infeksi jamur
Gejala utama adalah gatal, dan juga keluar cairan kental yang berwarna putih dan menyerupai keju.
3. Trikomoniasis
Infeksi ini dapat menyebabkan keluarnya cairan berwarna kuning kehijauan, kadang-kadang berbusa.

Pengobatan

Pengobatan vaginitis disesuaikan dengan penyebabnya, antara lain:

1. Vaginitis bakteri
Dokter biasanya akan meresepkan tablet metronidazole (Flagyl) melalui mulut (per oral), metronidazol gel (MetroGel) yang dioleskan pada vagina, atau krim klindamisin (Cleocin) yang dioleskan pada vagina. Obat biasanya digunakan 1 atau 2 kali sehari selama 5-7 hari.

2. Infeksi jamur
Infeksi jamur biasanya diobati dengan krim antijamur atau supositoria, seperti mikonazol (Monistat), clotrimazole (Gyne-Lotrimin) dan tioconazole (Vagistat). Infeksi jamur juga dapat diobati dengan obat antijamur, seperti flukonazol (Diflucan).

3. Trikomoniasis
Dokter biasanya akan meresepkan metronidazole (Flagyl) atau (Tindamax) tinidazol tablet.

4. Penipisan lapisan vagina (atrofi vagina)
Estrogen vagina dalam bentuk tablet atau krim, secara efektif dapat mengobati vaginitis atrofik. Obat ini hanya dapat diperoleh dengan resep dokter.

5. Non-infeksius vaginitis
Untuk mengobati jenis vaginitis ini, perlu diketahui sumber iritasinya dan kemudian menghindarinya. Sumber yang mungkin dapat menyebabkan vaginitis jenis ini, antara lain sabun baru, deterjen, pembalut, atau tampon.

Sleepwalking, Sleep Walking With

Sleepwalking is also known as somnabulisme, is a disorder that causes people to get up and running when she was sleeping. The most commonly occurs in children between the ages of 8 and 12 years. Sleepwalking does not indicate a serious health problem or require treatment.

However, sleepwalking may occur at any age and can cause even dangerous behavior, such as climbing out a window or urinate in the closet or garbage cans.

Symptom
Sleepwalking is classified as a parasomnia, a behavior or undesirable experience during sleep. Someone who experience sleepwalking may experience:
1. Sitting on the bed and opened his eyes
2. Have expressive eyes glazed or glazed
3. Roam around the house, maybe open and close doors and turn lights on or off
4. Perform routine activities, such as dressing or make a snack, even driving a car
5. Talking or moving awkwardly
6. Scream, especially if also having nightmares
7. Difficult awakened when sleepwalking episodes occur

Sleepwalking usually occurs during deep sleep early in the evening, usually one to two hours after falling asleep. People who do not sleepwalking sleepwalking episodes will remember her in the morning. Sleepwalking is common in children and usually gets lost when a teenager due to a decreased amount of deep sleep.

Cause
Many factors can contribute to sleepwalking include:
1. Lack of sleep
2. Fatigue
3. Stress
4. Worry
5. Fever
6. Sleeping in a foreign environment
7. Drugs, such as zolpidem (Ambien)

Sleepwalking is sometimes associated with underlying conditions that affect sleep such as:
1. Seizure disorder
2. Respiratory disorder, a disorder characterized by abnormal breathing patterns during sleep, the most common is obstructive sleep apnea
3. Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS)
4. Migraine
5. Stroke
6. Head injury or brain swelling
7. Premenstrual period

In other cases, the use of alcohol, illegal drugs or certain medications including some antibiotics, antihistamines, sedatives and sleeping pills can trigger a sleepwalking episode.

Treatments and drugs

Usually no treatment is required to sleepwalking. If you see your child or another person sleepwalking at home, guide him back to bed gently.

Actually not dangerous if aroused, but can be annoying. He may find himself confused when I woke up not in bed. Treatment for adults can use hypnosis. Although rare, sleepwalking can result from medications, so treatment with medication may be needed.

If sleepwalking leads to excessive daytime sleepiness or pose a risk of serious injury, the doctor may recommend treatment. The use of benzodiazepines or certain antidepressants in the short term can stop sleepwalking episodes. If sleepwalking is associated with medical or mental health condition, treatment directed at the underlying problem.

Behcet Disease Caused Blood Vessel Inflammation

Behcet also called Behcet's syndrome is a rare disorder that causes chronic inflammation in blood vessels throughout the body. The exact cause is unknown, but may be caused by the autoimmune disorder, meaning that the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's healthy cells. Genetic and environmental factors may also be responsible for this Behcet disease.

Behcet disease causes inflammation of various symptoms that may initially seem unrelated. The signs and symptoms of Behcet disease varies from person to person and can come and go alone. Treatment aims to reduce the signs and symptoms of Behcet disease and prevent serious complications, like blindness.

Symptom

Behcet disease symptoms differ from men. Behcet disease can disappear and appear himself. The signs and symptoms depend on which part of the body that are affected by inflammatory disease.

Areas commonly affected body Behcet disease among others:

1. Mouth
Painful mouth ulcer is the most common sign of Behcet disease is. Sores canker sores usually heal in seven to 21 days although it later reappeared.

2. Skin
Skin problems can vary. Some people have acne-like lesions on the body. The others can be either red rash on the skin soft, especially on the lower legs.

3. Genitals
Sores on the genitals usually occur on the scrotum or vulva. Genital sores are usually painful and can leave scars.

4. Eye
Behcet disease can cause inflammation of the eye called uveitis. Uveitis causes one or both eyes red, pain and blurred vision. Disorder can come and go. Inflammation that occurs in the retinal blood vessels is a serious complication of the disorder.

5. Joints
Swelling and pain in the knee joint. Ankle, elbow or wrist may also be affected. Signs and symptoms can last from one to three weeks and goes away by itself.

6. Circulatory system
Inflammation of blood vessels and large arteries causing swelling, redness, and pain in the arm or leg. Inflammation of the large arteries can lead to complications, such as aneurysms and narrowing or blockage of blood vessels.

7. Digestive System
Behcet disease can cause various signs and symptoms affecting the digestive system including abdominal pain, diarrhea or bleeding.

8. Brain
Behcet disease can cause inflammation in the brain and nervous system that leads to headache, fever, disorders or stroke.

Cause

It is not known what causes Behcet disease. The combination of genetic and environmental factors suspected to be the cause. Some researchers believe that a virus or bacterium may trigger Behcet disease in people who have certain genes that make them susceptible to this disease.

Treatments and drugs

There is no cure for this disease. If the signs and symptoms of Behcet disease is still mild, doctors can offer medications to control pain and inflammation temporarily.

But if the signs and symptoms are more severe, your doctor may suggest a systemic treatment to control the signs and symptoms of disease throughout the body. Several factors such as age and gender may affect treatment.

Treatment

Behcet disease may come and go it alone in the period of development and the reduction. Doctors will control the signs and symptoms experienced during the progression of the disease with drugs such as:
1. Creams, gels and skin ointments.
These drugs are used directly to sores and genital skin to reduce inflammation and pain. Types of medications usually contain corticosteroids to reduce inflammation or an anesthetic to relieve pain.

2. Special mouthwash that contains corticosteroids and other substances to relieve the pain of mouth sores.

3. Eye drops
Eye drops containing corticosteroids or anti-inflammatory drugs can reduce pain and redness in the eyes.

Systemic treatment
Severe cases of Behcet disease require treatment to control the damage. Drugs that can be used;
1. Corticosteroids to control inflammation.
The signs and symptoms of Behcet disease is likely to repeat when only treated with corticosteroids. Doctors often prescribe other drugs to suppress the activity of the immune system (immunosuppressive).

2. Immunosuppressive drugs to suppress the immune system overload.
Immunosuppressive drugs is important in controlling Behcet disease, namely cyclosporine azathioprine (Imuran, Azasan), (Sandimmune) and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan). Because these drugs suppress the immune system, increases the risk of infection dpat.

3. Drugs that regulate your body's immune system.
Interferon alfa-2b (Intron A) regulate the activity of the immune system to control inflammation. These drugs can help control skin sores, joint pain and inflammation of the eye.

Interferon alpha-2b can be combined with other drugs. More recently, small studies have suggested that drugs that block a substance called tumor necrosis factor (TNF), such as infliximab (Remicade) and etanercept (Enbrel), may be effective in treating some forms of this Behcet disease.

4. Other drugs that have been used to treat Behcet disease include colchicine and methotrexate.

Angioedema, Swelling Itching Itching Due

Angioedema mirip dengan urtikaria yang merupakan gatal-gatal, bekas merah (pembengkakan atau bercak) dari berbagai ukuran, yang tiba-tiba muncul dan menghilang pada kulit. Angioedema merupakan jenis bengkak, bilur-bilur besar dan melibatkan lapisan kulit yang lebih dalam, terutama di dekat bibir dan mata.

Dalam kebanyakan kasus angioedema tidak berbahaya, dan bahkan tanpa memerlukan pengobatan, dan tidak meninggalkan bekas pada kulit setelah sembuh. Dalam kasus pembengkakan dari angioedema dapat menyebabkan tenggorokan atau lidah menghalangi jalan napas dan menyebabkan kehilangan kesadaran, yang dapat mengancam nyawa.

Penyebab

Peradangan di kulit dapat mengakibatkan gatal-gatal dan angioedema. Gatal-gatal dan angioedema kadang-kadang dapat dipicu ketika sel-sel tertentu yang disebut sel mast melepaskan bahan kimia histamin dan bahan lainnya ke dalam aliran darah dan kulit.

Angioedema dapat disebabkan oleh reaksi alergi terhadap obat atau makanan. Banyak alergen yang telah diidentifikasi, antara lain:

1. Obat
Meskipun hampir semua obat dapat menyebabkan gatal-gatal atau angioedema, namun beberapa penyebab umum adalah obat tekanan darah, ibuprofen, penisilin dan aspirin.

2. Makanan
Pada orang sensitif, banyak makanan yang dapat menimbulkan alergi. Namun, makanan yang sering menimbulkan alergi adalah ikan, telur, kerang, susu, kacang, dan coklat. Beberapa alergen potensial lainnya termasuk aditif makanan seperti salisilat dan sulfida.

3. Alergen lainnya
Kontak langsung dengan bulu binatang, lateks, serbuk sari, dan sengatan serangga adalah beberapa zat lain yang dapat menyebabkan gatal-gatal dan angioedema.

Beberapa pemicu tambahan yang dapat menyebabkan angioedema, antara lain:

1. Dermatographia
Merupakan garis yang muncul pada daerah di mana kulit tergores, atau di mana tekanan diterapkan pada kulit akibat histamin yang menyebabkan pembengkakan di bawah kulit.

2. Faktor fisik
Pada beberapa orang, faktor lingkungan dapat mengakibatkan pelepasan histamin. Air, panas, dingin, latihan, tekanan pada kulit, sinar matahari dan stres emosional adalah beberapa contoh faktor lingkungan yang dapat menyebabkan angioedema.

Gatal-gatal dan angioedema juga dapat terjadi sebagai respons terhadap produksi antibodi tubuh. Gangguan sistem kekebalan tubuh (kanker atau lupus), infeksi (hepatitis), transfusi darah, gangguan tiroid tertentu, atau bahkan dingin dapat menyebabkan angioedema.

Bentuk warisan angioedema disebut angioedema herediter, yang terkait dengan tingkat rendah atau fungsi abnormal dari protein darah tertentu (C1 inhibitor). Inhibitor ini berperan dalam mengatur bagaimana fungsi sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Gejala

1. Sensasi tebal dan bengkak pada daerah yang terkena
2. Nyeri atau kehangatan di daerah yang terkena
3. Pada kasus yang berat, kesulitan menelan atau bernapas
4. Pembengkakan kulit
5. Melepuh (bula) di daerah pembengkakan yang parah

Meskipun angioedema dapat terjadi pada tangan, kaki, alat kelamin atau di dalam tenggorokan, biasanya terjadi pada daerah dekat mata atau bibir. Meskipun jarang, angioedema herediter lebih serius. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan tiba-tiba pada wajah, lengan, kaki, tangan, kaki, alat kelamin, saluran pencernaan, dan saluran napas.

Beberapa tanda dan gejala angioedema herediter, antara lain:
1. Kesulitan bernapas atau terhambat karena pembengkakan jalan napas
2. Pembengkakan mendadak pada wajah, lengan, kaki, saluran pencernaan, tangan, alat kelamin, dan kaki
3. Perut kram, sebagai akibat pembengkakan saluran pencernaan.

Pengobatan

Pasien mungkin tidak memerlukan pengobatan dalam kasus gejala ringan angioedema. Antihistamin yang dapat menghalangi pelepasan histamin, adalah pengobatan standar untuk gatal-gatal dan angioedema.

Pengobatan angioedema dapat dengan, antara lain:

1. Obat tanpa resep
a. Cetirizine
b. Chlorpheniramine
c. Diphenhydramine
d. Loratadine

Chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine atau antihistamin lainnya dapat menyebabkan kantuk. Namun, loratadine tidak.

2. Obat dengan resep dokter
a. Hidroksizin
b. Desloratiadine
c. Levocetrirzine
d. Fexofenadine

Kortikosteroid oral, seperti prednison dapat membantu mengurangi bengkak, kemerahan, dan gatal yang kadang-kadang dapat diresepkan untuk kasus yang parah dari angioedema.

Pengobatan untuk angioedema herediter:
Obat-obat yang disebutkan di atas tidak efektif dalam mengobati angioedema herediter. Androgen tertentu seperti danazol, yang membantu mengatur kadar protein darah, adalah beberapa obat yang digunakan khusus untuk mengobati angioedema herediter dalam jangka panjang.

Penanganan darurat untuk angioedema
Seseorang mungkin membutuhkan suntikan adrenalin (epinefrin) pada kondisi darurat untuk serangan parah dari angioedema. Pasien mungkin akan diresepkan dan diinstruksikan bagaimana cara menggunakan adrenalin, dan membawa adrenalin untuk digunakan dalam situasi darurat dalam kasus mereka telah mengalami serangan darurat angioedema berulang kali.